| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Peninsula | A piece of land of nearly surrounded by water |
| Bard | Someone who writes or performs epic poems or stories about heroes and their deeds |
| Colony | A group of people living in a new territory who have ties to their homeland; the new territory itself |
| Polis | A Greek city-state |
| Agora | A gathering place; marketplace in ancient Greece |
| Phalanx | A group of armed foot soldiers in ancient Greece arranged close together in rows |
| Tyrant | An absolute ruler unrestrained by law |
| Oligarchy | A government in which a small group has control |
| Democracy | A government by the people |
| Helots | Enslaved people in ancient Sparta |
| Ephor | A high-ranked government official in Sparta who was elected by the council of elders |
| Satrapy | The territory governed by an official known as a satrap |
| Satrap | The governor of a province in ancient Persia |
| Zoroastrianism | A Persian religion based on the belief of one god |
| Direct Democracy | A form of democracy in which all citizens can participate firsthand in the decision-making process |
| Representative Democracy | A democracy in which citizens elect officials to govern on their behalf |
| Philosopher | A person who searches for wisdom or enlightenment |
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